{"id":5540,"date":"2025-02-05T07:25:07","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T06:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/uncategorized\/ai-language-models\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T13:55:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T12:55:57","slug":"ai-language-models","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence-ai\/ai-language-models\/","title":{"rendered":"AI language models"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2><strong>AI language models &ndash; what&rsquo;s behind them?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Artificial intelligence is changing how we interact with machines &ndash; and language models are the driving force behind this. They enable machines not only to understand language, but also to generate meaningful, human-like responses.<\/p>\n<p>But what exactly are <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence-ai\/ai-language-models\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"AI language models - what's behind them? Artificial intelligence is changing the way we interact with machines. Language models enable machines not only to understand language, but also to generate meaningful, human-like responses. Find out more now...\" class=\"encyclopedia\">AI language models<\/a>, why are they such a game changer, and how do they differ from traditional NLP methods? Let&rsquo;s go through this together!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_AI_language_model\"><\/span><strong>What is an AI language model?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An <strong>AI language model<\/strong> is a type of neural network that has been trained to understand and generate language. It analyses large amounts of text data, recognizes patterns and predicts which word or sentence will come next based on probabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Think of it as an extremely clever autocomplete tool: When you start a sentence, the model can predict with high probability how it will continue &ndash; in natural language.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Well-known_examples_of_AI_language_models_are\"><\/span>Well-known examples of AI language models are<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#9989; <strong>GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer)<\/strong> &ndash; The model behind <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence-ai\/chatgpt\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"ChatGPT is currently the most powerful AI in the form of a state-of-the-art language processing model, developed by OpenAI, based on the GPT architecture (Generative Pre-trained Transformer). As a variant of the GPT-3 and later the GPT-4 family, this AI model is characterized by its ability to generate human-like texts and respond to a variety of inputs in natural language. AI models are trained using machine learning and a large amount of text data to understand and mimic the patterns and nuances of human language. Artificial intelligence (AI) and AI applications are now extremely diverse, ranging from answering questions and creating content to complex discussions on a wide range of topics.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">ChatGPT<\/a><br>\n&#9989; <strong>BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)<\/strong> &ndash; Developed by Google for better language processing<br>\n&#9989; <strong>T5 (Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer)<\/strong> &ndash; An all-rounder for NLP tasks such as translation, summarizing or answering questions<\/p>\n<p>These AI models are trained on huge amounts of data to develop a deep understanding of syntax, semantics and context.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><a class=\"fusion-modal-text-link\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\".fusion-modal.Spotify Podcasts Folge 17 - K&uuml;nstliche Intelligenz: Wie funktioniert Chat GPT? - Rock the Prototype Podcast\" href=\"#\"><iframe class=\"lazyload\" style=\"border-radius: 12px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27100%27%20height%3D%27352%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20100%20352%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27100%27%20height%3D%27352%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/5sPPqwIHZ6kAcKTV7l0lCO?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/a>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_are_AI_language_models_so_revolutionary\"><\/span>Why are AI language models so revolutionary?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Language models have led to some groundbreaking advances in recent years. Here are three good reasons why they have taken AI research to a new level:<\/p>\n<h4>1&#65039;&#8419; More human-like communication<\/h4>\n<p>In the past, machines often sounded stiff and unnatural. Today, AI-generated texts often sound as if a human had written them &ndash; making dialog with machines much easier.<\/p>\n<h4>2&#65039;&#8419; Automation and efficiency<\/h4>\n<p>Whether customer support, content creation or code generation &ndash; language models help to complete tasks faster and more efficiently. This saves time and resources.<\/p>\n<h4>3&#65039;&#8419; Better interaction with data<\/h4>\n<p>AI can not only understand and generate text, but also convert structured data into understandable language. This makes complex information accessible and usable.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_AI_language_models_differ_from_traditional_NLP_methods\"><\/span>How do AI language models differ from traditional NLP methods?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Before AI language models entered the scene, <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence-ai\/natural-language-processing-nlp\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Natural Language Processing (NLP) - a highly specialized subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) How do machines understand human language? Natural Language Processing is the key to bridging the gap between humans and machines\" class=\"encyclopedia\">natural language processing (NLP)<\/a> was often based on rule-based systems or statistical methods. But these had clear limitations:<\/p>\n<p>&#128312; Rule-based systems worked with predefined rules, but were not very flexible. For example, they could only respond to specific queries, but were unable to cope with new or creative formulations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Statistical NLP models<\/strong> worked with probabilities, but were often unable to capture the context across larger sections of text.<\/p>\n<p>Then neural networks came into play, and with them deep learning-based language models. The big difference? They learn independently from data instead of just following fixed rules.<\/p>\n<p>&#128161;<strong> Example:<\/strong><br>\nA classic NLP system could answer a question such as &ldquo;When was Einstein born?&rdquo; with a fixed rule that searches for &ldquo;born&rdquo; and a name.<\/p>\n<p>A modern AI language model, on the other hand, understands the meaning of the question, recognizes the context and can even provide further information depending on the context.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"92c6f257-7e5d-4e43-b11d-3412a872d26b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_should_you_deal_with_AI_language_models\"><\/span>Why should you deal with AI language models?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Language models are everywhere today &ndash; from search engines and chatbots to code assistance tools. They are changing the way we interact with technology and opening up completely new possibilities in research, business and everyday life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In short:<\/strong> AI language models are making machines smarter, more efficient and more human &ndash; and we are only at the beginning of this development! &#128640;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><a class=\"fusion-modal-text-link\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\".fusion-modal.Apple Podcasts Folge 17 - K&uuml;nstliche Intelligenz: Wie funktioniert Chat GPT? - Rock the Prototype Podcast\" href=\"#\"><iframe style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 660px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/folge-17-k%C3%BCnstliche-intelligenz-wie-funktioniert-chat-gpt\/id1684107786?i=1000651978075\" height=\"175\" frameborder=\"0\" sandbox=\"allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/a>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_and_development_of_AI_language_models\"><\/span>History and development of AI language models<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The development of AI language models is a story full of innovations and technological breakthroughs. From simple rule-based methods to powerful neural networks, natural language processing (NLP) has evolved massively over the last few decades. But how exactly did this evolution take place and which milestones have shaped the current AI era?<\/p>\n<h3><strong>&#128313; The beginnings: rule-based systems and statistical methods (1950s &ndash; 1990s)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The first approaches to machine language processing were <strong>based on rules and manual coding<\/strong>. Systems were programmed by linguists to recognize certain sentences or phrases and output predefined answers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example: ELIZA (1966)<\/strong><br>\nOne of the first NLP programs was ELIZA, a simple chatbot that worked with predefined scripts. ELIZA was able to recognize certain keywords and formulate answers based on them, but did not really seem &ldquo;intelligent&rdquo;.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>&#128313; Statistical models and machine learning (1990s &ndash; 2010s)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>With the growing availability of text data and computing power, researchers began to use statistical methods for language processing. These were based on probabilities and statistical calculations to recognize and analyze text patterns.<\/p>\n<p>Important progress:<br>\n&#9989; <strong>Hidden Markov Models (HMMs)<\/strong>: Uses probabilities for sequence prediction (important for speech recognition)<br>\n&#9989; <strong>n-gram models<\/strong>: Break down speech into word sequences and calculate the probability of the next word<br>\n&#9989; <strong>Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)<\/strong>: Recognizes semantic similarities in texts<\/p>\n<p>These methods improved machine translation, speech recognition and automatic text summarization, but were<strong> not yet able to understand language in depth.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>&#128313; The revolution through neural networks (2010 &ndash; 2017)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The breakthrough came with <strong>deep learning<\/strong>, in particular with neural networks that were trained using large amounts of data. These models were able to <strong>understand context, capture semantic relationships<\/strong> and generate much more human-like answers.<\/p>\n<p>&#127942; Two groundbreaking developments:<br>\n1&#65039;&#8419; <strong>Word Embeddings<\/strong> (2013 &ndash; 2014):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText<\/strong> &ndash; These models learned to place words in a vector space based on their meaning.<br>\nThis enabled the AI to recognize semantic similarities (e.g. &ldquo;king&rdquo; &ndash; &ldquo;queen&rdquo;, &ldquo;car&rdquo; &ndash; &ldquo;vehicle&rdquo;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2&#65039;&#8419; <strong>Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) &amp; Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improved the ability to process longer texts by taking previous words into account.<\/li>\n<li>But was still limited, as RNNs had difficulties with very long texts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>&#128313; The Transformer Era: A new age of AI (2017 &ndash; today)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Probably the biggest revolution in the field of language models came in 2017 with the introduction of the Transformer architecture &ndash; a technology that took language processing to a whole new level.<\/p>\n<p>&#128161; <strong>Key-Paper: &bdquo;Attention is All You Need&ldquo; (2017, Vaswani et al.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Presented the Transformer architecture as a more powerful alternative to RNNs\/LSTMs.<\/li>\n<li>Uses<strong> self-attention<\/strong> to analyze the entire context of a sentence at once.<\/li>\n<li>Led to significantly more efficient, scalable and context-sensitive language models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#128293; Important models of the Transformer era:<\/p>\n<p>&#9989; <strong>BERT (2018, Google)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers.<\/li>\n<li>Revolutionized NLP by analyzing the <strong>full context of a sentence<\/strong> in both directions.<\/li>\n<li>Strong influence on Google search algorithms and NLP applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#9989; <strong>GPT (2018 &ndash; today, OpenAI)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GPT-1 (2018):<\/strong> First version of an autoregressive language model.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT-2 (2019):<\/strong> 1.5 billion parameters, was able to generate coherent texts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT-3 (2020)<\/strong>: 175 billion parameters &ndash; revolutionized AI applications (e.g. ChatGPT).<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT-4 (2023)<\/strong>: Even more powerful, multimodal capabilities (text + image).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#9989; <strong>T5 (2019, Google)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer &ndash; enables various NLP tasks in one model.<\/li>\n<li>Particularly useful for translation, summarization and text classification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#9989; <strong>Claude (2023, Anthropic)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Focus on safe and explainable AI.<\/li>\n<li>Developed in response to GPT models with a focus on ethics and transparency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Evolution continues &#128640;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>From rule-based systems to statistical methods and modern transformer models &ndash; the development of AI language models has accelerated rapidly.<\/p>\n<h4>&#128302; Where is the journey heading?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Multimodal models<\/strong> (e.g. GPT-4 Vision, Gemini from Google) &rarr; AI can understand text, images and videos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Personalized language models<\/strong> &rarr; AI adapts individually to the user.<\/li>\n<li><strong>More energy-efficient models<\/strong> &rarr; Reduction of the massive computing effort.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The coming years will show how AI language models will be integrated even more deeply into our everyday lives &ndash; from smarter search engines to personalized virtual assistants. &#128640;<\/p>\n<\/div><a class=\"fusion-modal-text-link\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\".fusion-modal.KI &amp; Wir - Die Evolution der Softwareentwicklung - Rock the Prototype Podcast on Spotify Podcast\" href=\"#\"><iframe class=\"lazyload\" style=\"border-radius: 12px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27100%27%20height%3D%27352%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20100%20352%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27100%27%20height%3D%27352%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/10F1RPOFhrvG7hQB2Xs7Mg?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/a>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basics_and_functionality_of_AI_language_models\"><\/span><strong>Basics and functionality of AI language models<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To really understand AI language models, we look at how they work mathematically, what architectures exist and what training methods are used to optimize them. These basics will help you to better understand the technological progress behind modern language models such as GPT or BERT.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mathematical_foundations_probability_models_and_neural_networks\"><\/span><strong>Mathematical foundations: probability models and neural networks<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>AI language models are based on <strong>probability models<\/strong> that calculate the probability of a word or sentence in a specific context. These mathematical concepts are the basis for modern neural networks.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"N-gram_models_the_basis_of_probability_theory\"><\/span><strong>N-gram models: the basis of probability theory<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Before neural networks dominated language models, <strong>N-gram models<\/strong> were the standard solution. These models calculate the probability of a word based on the previous words:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Unigrams<\/strong>: Each word is considered independently.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bigrams<\/strong>: A word depends on the previous word.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trigrams<\/strong>: A word depends on the two preceding words.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The larger the &ldquo;N&rdquo; (i.e. the context under consideration), the better the model &ndash; however, the <strong>computing effort<\/strong> increases and the model becomes <strong>inefficient<\/strong> as the context grows.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neural_networks_as_a_game_changer\"><\/span><strong>Neural networks as a game changer<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The <strong>revolution in language comprehension<\/strong> began with neural networks. They can analyze long text sequences and better recognize complex relationships. This is where <strong>distributed representations (word embeddings)<\/strong> come into play:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Word2Vec<\/strong> (Mikolov et al., 2013): Words are represented in high-dimensional vectors. This allows meaning relationships to be captured mathematically.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GloVe<\/strong> (Stanford NLP, 2014): A model that derives word meanings from large text corpora.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transformer models (from 2017)<\/strong> rely on even more powerful embeddings that capture context not only from previous words, but from <strong>all<\/strong> surrounding words.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Architectures_of_language_models\"><\/span><strong>Architectures of language models<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Neural networks have developed enormously in recent decades. Here are the most important architectures that drive language models:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. recurrent neural networks (RNNs) &ndash; first generation of sequential language models<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>RNNs are specially designed for sequential data (e.g. text or speech).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each word is processed on the basis of the previous words.<\/li>\n<li>Problem: <strong>Vanishing gradient<\/strong> &ndash; In long sentences, classic RNNs forget earlier words because information is &ldquo;lost&rdquo;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>2. long short-term memory (LSTMs) &ndash; solution for long-term contexts<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>LSTMs extend RNNs with a memory structure that prevents information from being &ldquo;forgotten&rdquo; too quickly.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LSTMs store relevant information over long distances.<\/li>\n<li>Despite improvements, they were mathematically <strong>inefficient<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>3. transformer &ndash; the ultimate game changer<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Transformer models such as <strong>BERT, GPT or T5<\/strong> have revolutionized language processing.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rely on the <strong>self-attention mechanism<\/strong>, which <strong>processes all words in a sentence simultaneously<\/strong>, taking into account the context of the entire sentence for each word.<\/li>\n<li>Are extremely scalable and efficient, making them the standard for modern AI applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why are Transformers so powerful?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They enable <strong>parallel training<\/strong>, allowing models to learn faster on huge data sets.<\/li>\n<li>They analyze word contexts <strong>bidirectionally<\/strong> (BERT) or autoregressively (GPT).<\/li>\n<li>They are the basis for almost all of today&rsquo;s <strong>advanced AI models<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Training_principles_Supervised_Learning_Unsupervised_Learning_Reinforcement_Learning\"><\/span><strong>Training principles: Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>For a language model to actually &ldquo;learn&rdquo;, it has to analyze huge amounts of text and recognize patterns. There are various training methods for this:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. supervised learning &ndash; learning with labeled data<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>The model is trained with <strong>input-output pairs<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Example: A model is given a question and the corresponding correct answer as a training example.<\/li>\n<li>Often used for <strong>special tasks<\/strong> such as machine translation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>2. unsupervised learning &ndash; independent learning without labels<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>The model only receives <strong>raw text data<\/strong>, without anyone specifying what is right or wrong.<\/li>\n<li>Examples:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Word embeddings<\/strong> learn from large amounts of text which words often occur together.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT models<\/strong> are trained on huge text corpora without anyone manually annotating data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>3. reinforcement learning &ndash; optimization through feedback<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>A special technique in which the model learns through <strong>trials and rewards<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Often used for <strong>fine-tuning<\/strong> language models, e.g. to make the responses of chatbots more natural.<\/li>\n<li>Example: <strong>ChatGPT uses <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence-ai\/reinforcement-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Reinforcement learning is a branch of machine learning that trains agents to make optimal decisions by interacting with their environment. Reinforcement learning is used in autonomous vehicles, robotics, games such as AlphaGo and AlphaZero and the optimization of resources in energy systems.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Reinforcement Learning<\/a> with Human Feedback (RLHF)<\/strong> &ndash; people rate the answers and the model improves as a result of this feedback.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>AI language models are based on complex mathematical principles that have evolved from simple probability models to powerful neural networks. While older architectures such as RNNs and LSTMs still worked <strong>sequentially<\/strong>, <strong>transformer models<\/strong> have brought the breakthrough.<\/p>\n<p>However, the success of a language model depends not only on the architecture, but also on the <strong>training method<\/strong>. Whether <strong>supervised<\/strong>, <strong>unsupervised<\/strong> or <strong>reinforcement learning<\/strong> &ndash; each of these methods has specific advantages. <strong>Combined<\/strong>, however, they result in today&rsquo;s highly developed AI language models that are changing entire industries.<\/p>\n<\/div><a class=\"fusion-modal-text-link\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\".fusion-modal.KI &amp; Wir - Die Evolution der Softwareentwicklung - Rock the Prototype Podcast on Apple Podcast\" href=\"#\"><iframe style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 660px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/folge-20-ki-wir-die-evolution-der-softwareentwicklung\/id1684107786?i=1000663157963\" height=\"175\" frameborder=\"0\" sandbox=\"allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/a>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Known_language_models_and_their_properties\"><\/span><strong>Known language models and their properties<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>AI language models have evolved over the years, from simple statistical models to highly complex neural networks that generate human-like texts in real time. Here is an overview of the most significant developments:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_models_Word2Vec_GloVe\"><\/span><strong>Early models: Word2Vec, GloVe<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Before transformer models dominated the NLP world, <strong>word embeddings<\/strong> laid the foundation for modern language understanding.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Word2Vec_Google_2013\"><\/span><strong>Word2Vec (Google, 2013)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>First significant neural embedding model, developed by <strong>Tomas Mikolov<\/strong> at Google.<\/li>\n<li>Allows words to be represented as <strong>vectors in a multidimensional space<\/strong> so that semantic similarities can be calculated mathematically.<\/li>\n<li>Example: <em>King &ndash; man + woman &asymp; queen<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GloVe_Stanford_NLP_2014\"><\/span><strong>GloVe (Stanford NLP, 2014)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>An alternative to Word2Vec, developed by <strong>Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher and Christopher Manning<\/strong> at Stanford University.<\/li>\n<li>Combines <strong>word co-occurrence<\/strong> from large text corpora with a probabilistic approach.<\/li>\n<li>Particularly useful for <strong>information retrieval and semantic analysis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Limitation of these models:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They look at words <strong>in isolation<\/strong>, without considering the context of a sentence.<\/li>\n<li>Not able to distinguish <strong>polysemy<\/strong> (words with several meanings).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transformer_models_BERT_GPT_series_T5\"><\/span><strong>Transformer models: BERT, GPT series, T5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The introduction of the Transformer mechanism by Vaswani et al. (2017) has revolutionized NLP. These models rely on <strong>self-attention<\/strong>, which enables them to process contextual information efficiently.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BERT_Bidirectional_Encoder_Representations_from_Transformers_Google_2018\"><\/span><strong>BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, Google, 2018)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Developed by <strong>Jacob Devlin et al.<\/strong> at Google.<\/li>\n<li>Uses <strong>bidirectional<\/strong> context analysis (i.e. not only previous words in the sentence, but also following words).<\/li>\n<li>Particularly good at <strong>text classification, Named Entity Recognition (NER) and sentiment analysis.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Trained with <strong>Masked Language Modeling (MLM)<\/strong> &ndash; parts of a sentence are &ldquo;hidden&rdquo; and the model has to predict them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GPT_series_Generative_Pre-trained_Transformer_OpenAI_since_2018\"><\/span><strong>GPT series (Generative Pre-trained Transformer, OpenAI, since 2018)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>GPT-1 (2018): First version, still relatively small.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT-2 (2019)<\/strong>: Larger, with more training data, impressive text generation. OpenAI was hesitant to <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/learn-programming\/release\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"A release is a defined software version of an application. A software release is therefore a software version defined for users with a defined range of functions and maturity level. An initial software release generally represents the first generation of a new or improved software application.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">release<\/a> it for fear of misuse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT-3 (2020)<\/strong>: 175 billion parameters, highly scalable text generation, basis for ChatGPT.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GPT-4 (2023)<\/strong>: Improved accuracy, multimodal (text &amp; images), and better contextual processing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Feature of the GPT models:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Work <strong>autoregressively<\/strong> &ndash; generate words <strong>one after the other<\/strong>, based on previous tokens.<\/li>\n<li>Especially good for <strong>dialog systems, text generation and creative applications.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"T5_Text-to-Text_Transfer_Transformer_Google_2020\"><\/span><strong>T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer, Google, 2020)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Universal NLP model: All tasks (translation, text summarization, sentiment analysis) are formulated as <strong>text-to-text problems<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Example: Instead of classic classification, T5 outputs answers in natural language.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multimodal_models_DALL-E_CLIP_Gemini\"><\/span><strong>Multimodal models: DALL-E, CLIP, Gemini<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Modern AI models go beyond pure text and combine <strong>speech with images, videos and audio<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DALL-E_OpenAI\"><\/span><strong>DALL-E (OpenAI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Generates images from text descriptions (text-to-image generation).<\/li>\n<li>Combines language models with <strong>vision models<\/strong> to produce creative, unique images.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CLIP_Contrastive_Language-Image_Pretraining_OpenAI\"><\/span><strong>CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining, OpenAI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Understands <strong>images and language together<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Can describe images directly using natural language or apply text concepts to images.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gemini_Google_DeepMind\"><\/span><strong>Gemini (Google DeepMind)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Google&rsquo;s answer to multimodal AI systems combines <strong>text, image, audio and video<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Goal: <strong>A single model<\/strong> that interacts with people like a universal assistant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Areas_of_application_of_AI_language_models\"><\/span><strong>Areas of application of AI language models<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Text_generation_eg_ChatGPT\"><\/span><strong>Text generation (e.g. ChatGPT)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Create <strong>blog articles, news, creative content<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>AI-supported chatbots for <strong>customer service and dialog systems<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Machine_translation_Google_Translate_DeepL\"><\/span><strong>Machine translation (Google Translate, DeepL)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>DeepL and Google Translate rely on Transformer to enable <strong>high accuracy<\/strong> and <strong>smooth translations<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sentiment_analysis_and_text_classification\"><\/span><strong>Sentiment analysis and text classification<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Recognizing <strong>opinions and emotions<\/strong> in texts, e.g. for <strong>social media monitoring<\/strong> or <strong>customer feedback analysis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Code_generation_GitHub_Copilot_OpenAI_Codex\"><\/span><strong>Code generation (GitHub Copilot, OpenAI Codex)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Automatic code completion, suggestions for software development.<\/li>\n<li>Copilot uses GPT technology for writing working code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voice-controlled_assistants_Siri_Alexa_Google_Assistant\"><\/span><strong>Voice-controlled assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Interactive <strong>voice commands for smart homes, navigation, calendar management.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Combination of speech recognition and AI models for more natural responses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Technological_challenges_and_limitations\"><\/span><strong>Technological challenges and limitations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bias_and_fairness_in_language_models\"><\/span><strong>Bias and fairness in language models<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>AI models adopt <strong>prejudices<\/strong> from the training data.<\/li>\n<li>Example: <strong>Gender and racial prejudice<\/strong> in generated texts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Explainability_and_transparency_of_decisions\"><\/span><strong>Explainability and transparency of decisions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Many language models are <strong>black boxes<\/strong> &ndash; difficult to understand why a particular answer was chosen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scalability_and_computing_resources\"><\/span><strong>Scalability and computing resources<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Large models require immense <strong>GPU capacities and <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/cloud-computing-cloud-technology\/cloud\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"What is cloud? Cloud or cloud computing moves data and programs from desktop PCs or servers in a company to remote cloud servers. Cloud storage therefore consists of a standard server network in a cloud data center or distributed across several cloud server locations.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">cloud<\/a> computing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Energy consumption<\/strong> is a problem &ndash; AI models have a high carbon footprint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Data_ethics_and_data_protection\"><\/span><strong>Data ethics and data protection<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of personal data for AI training can <strong>raise ethical questions<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Regulations such as GDPR<\/strong> are crucial for secure use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube\" style=\"--awb-max-width:1080px;--awb-max-height:608px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><priv-fac-lite-youtube class=\"fusion-hidden lty-load\" data-privacy-type=\"youtube\" videoid=\"5lmAr1rzhTo\" params=\"wmode=transparent&amp;autoplay=1&amp;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"&amp;#x1f916; KI &amp; Wir &amp;#x1f60a; Episode 1 &amp;#x2747;&amp;#xfe0f; Rock the Prototype - Softwareentwicklung &amp; KI\" data-button-label=\"Play Video\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" data-thumbnail-size=\"auto\" data-no-cookie=\"on\"><\/priv-fac-lite-youtube><div class=\"fusion-privacy-placeholder\" style=\"width:1080px; height:608px;\" data-privacy-type=\"youtube\"><div class=\"fusion-privacy-placeholder-content\"><div class=\"fusion-privacy-label\">For privacy reasons YouTube needs your permission to be loaded. For more details, please see our <a class=\"privacy-policy-link\" href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/datenschutzerklaerung\/\" rel=\"privacy-policy\">Datenschutzerkl&auml;rung<\/a>.<\/div><button data-privacy-type=\"youtube\" class=\"fusion-button button-default fusion-button-default-size button fusion-privacy-consent\">I Accept<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h3>Rock the Prototype Podcast<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>Rock the Prototype Podcast<\/strong> and the <strong>Rock the Prototype YouTube channel<\/strong> are the perfect place to go if you want to delve deeper into the world of web development, <a href=\"https:\/\/rock-the-prototype.com\/en\/prototyping-en\/prototyping\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"What is prototyping? Prototyping is both a process and a strategy for realizing ideas as quickly as possible.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">prototyping<\/a> and technology.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>&#127911; Listen on Spotify: &#128073; Spotify Podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/41pm8rL\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/41pm8rL<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">&#127822;<\/span> Enjoy on Apple Podcasts: <span class=\"s1\">&#128073;<\/span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/4aiQf8t\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/4aiQf8t<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the podcast, you can expect exciting discussions and valuable insights into current trends, tools and best practices &ndash; ideal for staying on the ball and gaining fresh perspectives for your own projects. On the YouTube channel, you&rsquo;ll find practical tutorials and step-by-step instructions that clearly explain technical concepts and help you get straight into implementation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rock the Prototype YouTube Channel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#128640; Rock the Prototype is &#128073; Your format for exciting topics such as software development, prototyping, software architecture, cloud, DevOps &amp; much more.<\/p>\n<p>&#128250; &#128075;&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@Rock-the-Prototype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rock the Prototype YouTube Channel<\/a>&nbsp;&#128072;&nbsp; &#128064;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#9989; Software development &amp; prototyping<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#9989; Learning to program<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#9989; Understanding software architecture<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#9989; Agile teamwork<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#9989; Test prototypes together<\/p>\n<p><strong>THINK PROTOTYPING &ndash; PROTOTYPE DESIGN &ndash; PROGRAM &amp; GET STARTED &ndash; JOIN IN NOW!<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Why is it worth checking back regularly?<\/h4>\n<p>Both formats complement each other perfectly: in the podcast, you can learn new things in a relaxed way and get inspiring food for thought, while on YouTube you can see what you have learned directly in action and receive valuable tips for practical application.<\/p>\n<p>Whether you&rsquo;re just starting out in software development or are passionate about prototyping, UX design or IT security. We offer you new technology trends that are really relevant &ndash; and with the Rock the Prototype format, you&rsquo;ll always find relevant content to expand your knowledge and take your skills to the next level!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><a class=\"fusion-modal-text-link\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\".fusion-modal.Rock the Prototype - Software development &amp; Prototyping Podcast iTunes\" href=\"#\"><iframe id=\"embedPlayer\" style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 660px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px; transform: translateZ(0px); animation: 2s ease 0s 6 normal none running loading-indicator; background-color: #e4e4e4;\" src=\"https:\/\/embed.podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/rock-the-prototype-software-development-prototyping\/id1684835330?itsct=podcast_box_player&amp;itscg=30200&amp;ls=1&amp;theme=auto\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" sandbox=\"allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AI language models &#8211; what&#8217;s behind them? Artificial intelligence is changing the way we interact with machines. Language models enable machines not only to understand language, but also to generate meaningful, human-like responses.   Find out more now&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5541,"template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"categories":[1870],"tags":[4309,1886,4201,4328,4329,4330,2673,4183,4307,4323,4289,4325,1808,3875,4319,4320,3848,4190,3876,2807,4296,2446,3879,4281,3868,4295,4305,1869,4144,4324,2715,4326,4302,3890,4178,4316,2716,2289,4310,4321,4294,3851,4291,4290,2705,2725,2726,4282,4304,4311,3892,3882,4303,4312,1875,4285,4284,4156,1806,2808,4298,4292,4152,4322,4297,4313,1931,1832,1990,4317,2707,4293,4301,1349,4299,4315,4306,1889,4308,4331,4286,2050,2711,3857,4288,1887,4314,4283,3870,2709,4300,4194,2578,4151,2750,1888,4287,3850,4177],"class_list":["post-5540","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence-ai","tag-agi-en","tag-ai-ethics","tag-ai-for-companies","tag-ai-governance-en","tag-ai-in-everyday-life","tag-ai-in-research","tag-ai-language-models","tag-ai-research-en","tag-ai-safety","tag-ai-supported-creativity","tag-alexa-en","tag-algorithmic-bias-en","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-attention-mechanism","tag-autoencoding-en","tag-autoregressive-models","tag-bert-en","tag-bias-in-ai","tag-bidirectional-models","tag-chatbots-en","tag-clip-en","tag-cloud-computing-en","tag-computational-linguistics","tag-computing-power","tag-conversational-ai","tag-dall-e-en","tag-data-ethics","tag-deep-learning-en","tag-deepmind-en","tag-digital-assistants","tag-embeddings-en","tag-energy-efficient-ai-en","tag-explainability-en","tag-fairness-in-ai","tag-few-shot-learning-en","tag-few-shot-prompting-en","tag-fine-tuning","tag-gdpr","tag-generative-ai","tag-generative-language-models","tag-github-copilot-en","tag-glove-en","tag-google-ai-en","tag-google-assistant-en","tag-gpt-en","tag-gpt-2-en","tag-gpt-3-en","tag-gpt-4-en","tag-gpus-en","tag-hallucinations-in-ai","tag-hugging-face-en","tag-information-retrieval","tag-interpretability","tag-knowledge-graphs-en","tag-language-processing","tag-large-language-models-en","tag-llm-en","tag-lstm-en","tag-machine-learning","tag-machine-translation","tag-masked-language-modeling-en","tag-meta-ai-en","tag-model-compression","tag-multimodal-ai","tag-multimodal-models","tag-named-entity-recognition-en","tag-natural-language-processing","tag-neural-networks","tag-nlp-en","tag-open-source-ai","tag-openai-en","tag-openai-codex-en","tag-perplexity-en","tag-privacy","tag-prompt-engineering-en","tag-prompt-tuning-en","tag-regulation","tag-reinforcement-learning-en","tag-responsible-ai-en","tag-retrieval-augmented-generation-en","tag-rnn-en","tag-scalability","tag-self-attention","tag-sentiment-analysis","tag-siri-en","tag-supervised-learning-en","tag-synthetic-data","tag-t5-en","tag-text-classification","tag-text-generation","tag-tokenizer-en","tag-tpus-en","tag-training-data","tag-transfer-learning-en","tag-transformer-en","tag-unsupervised-learning-en","tag-voice-assistants","tag-word2vec-en","tag-zero-shot-learning-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AI language models - What is an AI language model?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"AI language models - What&#039;s behind them? 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