Cryptography

Cryptography & cryptographic methods
Cryptography is the science and practice of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties, called adversaries.

Cryptographic techniques have been used in various forms throughout history to protect information from unauthorized access and to ensure its confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity.
Where does the term cryptography come from?
The word cryptography comes from the Greek words “kryptós”, meaning “hidden”, and “graphein”, meaning “to write”. Essentially, cryptography is the science of cipher writing. This uses mathematical algorithms and protocols to encrypt information so that it can only be decrypted by someone who has the appropriate key or password.
Symmetric cryptography and the asymmetric cryptography
There are two main branches of cryptography: symmetric cryptography and asymmetric cryptography.

In symmetric cryptography, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.
In asymmetric cryptography, also known as public-key cryptography, two different keys are used for encryption and decryption.

One of the most commonly used asymmetric encryption algorithms is the RSA algorithm, which is based on the mathematical properties of large prime numbers. Another widely used symmetric encryption algorithm is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which uses a fixed-size key to encrypt fixed-size blocks of data. Due to the high computing power of modern IT infrastructure, RSA methods are now considered obsolete and do not provide sufficient protection for IT security.
Role and importance of cryptography
Cryptography plays a crucial role in modern society, enabling secure communication and protection of sensitive information in a wide range of applications, such as e-commerce transactions, online banking, and secure communication over the Internet. However, as technology continues to evolve and attackers become more sophisticated, cryptography must constantly adapt to ensure high security against new threats.

Cryptography and cryptographic methods in software architecture for maximum IT security.
Cryptography fundamental for the programming of software

Knowledge of cryptography is fundamental to software programming and IT security.

Cryptographic principles, software design, and the operation of basic cryptographic techniques are important to any software developer. Cryptography plays a special role in many important cyber security systems and ensures the security of software. Confidentiality, authentication, authenticity, integrity and binding of data are important principles here.
Concepts for more cryptographic security

The concept of security in cryptography refers to the degree of protection against various types of attacks and threats to the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of transmitted information.
Security through algorithms and protocols
Security in cryptography is achieved by using mathematical algorithms and protocols that are designed to be difficult to crack, even with access to large amounts of computing power or other resources.
Protection principles and basic protection goals
Confidentiality in cryptography refers to the protection of information from unauthorized access or disclosure. This can be achieved through the use of encryption, where information is scrambled so that it can only be decrypted by someone who has the appropriate key or password.
Integrity and data protection
Integrity in cryptography refers to the protection of information from unauthorized modification. This can be achieved by using digital signatures, which allow the recipient of a message to verify that the message has not been altered during transmission.
Authenticity and digital certificates
Authenticity in cryptography refers to the certainty that the sender of a message is who he claims to be. This can be achieved by using digital certificates issued by trusted third parties to confirm the identity of the sender.

In addition to these basic security objectives, cryptography must also provide protection against various types of attacks, such as eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation. To achieve this, cryptography must be implemented correctly and kept up to date with the latest security practices and technologies.

Overall, the security concept of cryptography involves a combination of mathematical algorithms, protocols, and best practices to ensure the protection of information from unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure. The goal is to provide a secure communication channel for the transmission of sensitive information, even if there are adversaries trying to compromise the security of the system.